Cassandra+O.

toc Wee Mee Mediaeval European Princess: crown, boots, dress, jewelry = = = A day in the life of a Muslim teenager =

As I traveled through Saudi Arabia during the month of September 5th, I happened to meet a Muslim teenager named Muhammad Baba. Muhammad comes from a very religious family. His family consists of his father, mother, a sister and himself. Muhammad is seventeen years old and is in the eleventh grade at school.

Muhammad believes that Allah or God, has told him through the Qur'an, which is the holy book of his faith, that he is to do well in school, so that he can one day become an imam. An imam is a prayer leader at the mosques. Muhammad uses the shahadah, which is his belief or faith in Allah, to help him prepare for tough tests and quizzes at school.

After school, Muhammad has a job as a muezzin, which is a person that calls people to a daily ritual prayer or salat. Muslims must pray five times a day facing the direction of Makkah, the holy city. This is also the city where Muhammad the Prophet was born. The famous Ka’ba is also located there.

His father works as a qadi, which is a judge in the Islamic court. His mother is a homemaker. In the court where his father works, they use the Shari'ah as the main law. Muslims believe that Allah's prophet Muhammad described the Shari'ah in the Qur'an and Sunnah.

Like all faithful Muslims, the Babas follow the zakat. This means every month they give two point five percent of all that they own to the poor. Muhammad goes above and beyond this giving. He works at a homeless shelter for the poor because he believes this is what Allah wants him to do. Ever since the year 2003, Muhammad has been helping his elderly blind neighbor. He buys his groceries, helps him cross the street, and reads the Qur'an while the neighbor eats the dinner that Muhammad fixed for him. Muhammad is also a big help to his mother. He picks her up after his job and takes her to get their groceries. Since he's able to drive, he makes carrying and getting the groceries home much easier on his mother.

I found out that Muhammad and his family make a pilgrimage to Makkah, which is the holy city, every year instead of once in a lifetime. They make this journey each year because they feel it is such an important part of their religion. His parents want both of their children to have a strong and firm belief in the family religion. This pilgrimage to Makkah is called the hajj.

During the holy month of Ramadan, Muhammad and his family fast from sunrise to sunset. This means that they don't eat or drink anything during this time. This Pillar of Faith is called siyam. Muhammad finds tough to fast, but he gets used to it.

Like all humans, Muhammad still has internal struggles, but has improved his studies habits, working hard to get all "A's" in school. He believes that he is pleasing Allah or God more than before.

By watching Muhammad, you can see that Islam is very important to him. You can see it in the way he acts, in the way he studies and in the way he helps the poor and less fortunate in his free time. Most teenage boys would be out and about playing around with their friends, but Muhammad always seems to be helping others.

= Justinian 1 **英文** =

 Justinian 1, also known as Petrus Sabbatius, was the emperor of the Byzantine Empire. His ruling period was from 527 to 565. While he was ruling many improvements happened. It all started with his birth, Justinian 1 was born at 482 in the village of Tauresium near scupi. Justinian 1 was adopted by his uncle, Justin 1. After his uncle died, Justinian 1 succeeded the throne on August 1, 527. Not after becoming emperor, Justinian married Theodora, who was a daughter of a bear keeper. Justinian married when he was around 20. When Justinian was the emperor he appointed government officials based on their merit. Justinian believed in a Mediterranean- wide Christian order politically, religiously and economically.  Justinian 1 made a lot of accomplishments when he was the emperor. First, Justinian issued the first draft of the Corpus Juris Civilis on April 7, 529. The Corpus Juris Civilis is also known for Justinian’s code. Second, Justinian converted many people in to Christians. In 529, Justinian abolished the worship of Ammon at Augila and the worship of Isis. Justinian sent out missionaries and converted many people. In the Asia Minor, 70,000 people converted to Christianity. Third, he rebuilt Constantinople after the war that nearly destroyed the capital. Last, Justinian led the Gothic war and conquered many places including: North Africa and Italy. He was the last Byzantine Emperor that controlled Rome and part of the west. He was at war with Persia in the Roman- Persia war.  Even though Justinian 1 had many accomplishments, he only had a few major accomplishments that changed the world. First was Justinian’s code of laws. Justinian supervised a committee and revised outdated laws. They made improvements including: more rights for women. Justinian’s codes are the base of modern day laws. Second, Justinian put down the revolt caused by the Greens and Blues. After the war, Constantinople was in ashes. Theodora and Justinian rebuilt Constantinople. Justinian gave orders to build 90 churches within the Byzantine Empire. The finest churches were the monastery of Sinai and the Hagia Sophia.  Justinian took his last breath on November 13 or 14, 565. He out lived his wife by almost 20 years. Clearly, Justinian 1 was a man of unusual capacity for work and possessed a temperate, affable, and lively character, but also crafty at times.

=Justinian I **中文** =

 Justinian I, 也叫 Petrus Sabbatius, 曾经当过 拜占庭帝國  的皇帝. 他从 527 到 565 统治 拜占庭帝國 . 在他的执 政時期, Justinian I 推行 了很多的进步 .

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 公元 482年Justinian I 生于靠近 scupi 的 Tauresium. 他小的时候被他的舅舅，Justin I 收养. 舅舅死后，Justinian I 在公元527年八月一日继承了王位. 不久，Justinian 跟 Theodora 结婚. Theodora 是一个养熊人的女儿. Justinian 结婚的时候只有二十岁. 他在位皇帝的时候按照成绩和能力来录用官员. Justinian 要从政治上，宗教上，以及经济上推行经济上推行基督教.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Justinian I 在位的时候有许多辉煌的业绩. 首先，Justinian I 在公元529年四月七日发布了 Corpus Juris Civilis 的稿子. Corpus Juris Civilis 也叫 Justinian’s code. 第二，Justinian 让很多人变成基督教徒. 在公元 529 年，Justinian 取消了很多的宗教. Justinian培养了很多的传教士. 在 Asia Minor，有 70,000 人变成了基督教徒. 第三，战争以后 Justinian 重建了 Constantinople. 最后，他发动带领了 Gothic war 和占领了很多的土地. 比如说，北非和意大利. Justinian I 是统治罗马和一部分西欧的最后拜占庭帝国的皇帝.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 虽然 Justinian I 有很多业绩，只有少数的几个改变了世界. 第一, 是 Justinian’s code. 他领导了一个委员会，他们修改了陈旧的法律. 并且提高了奴隶和妇女的权益. Justinian’s code 是现代法律的基础. 第二, Justinian 平评定了 Greens 和 Blues 的叛乱. 叛乱以后，Constantinople 变成了一片废墟. Justinian 和他的王后从建了他们的首都. 在拜占庭帝国里，Justinian 发布命令建造90座教堂. 最好看的教堂包括 Monastery of Sinai 和 Hagia Sophia.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 在公元565年十一月十三日，Justinian 停止了呼吸. 所有的一切，Justinian 是一位适应历史潮流并且很圣明的皇帝.

=<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 19px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**资料：** =
 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">De Imperatoribus Romanis, An online encyclopedia of Roman emperors, Justinian (527-565 A.D) James Allan Evans. 25 July 1998 < []>
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">History Alive the medieval world and beyond. California: Teacher's Curriculum Institute, 2005
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">Justinian by Orthodox wiki October 20, 2011 <[]>